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If, If...else, If...elif...else, Nested If

What is a selection statement in Python?
  • In some cases in programming, Our program has to decide whether the following block of codes needs to be executed or not, based on some conditions.
  • Such Decision making statements/selection statements decide the direction of the flow of program execution.
  • Decision making statements/selection statements available in Python are
        • if (Simple If)
        • if-else
        • else-if ladder
        • Nested if
  • In python, body statements inside the selection statement are indicated by the indentation. The very first unindented line marks the end of the selection statements.
If (Simple If):
  • It is a simple conditional statement that is used for decision-making.
  • If the evaluated condition is true, the statements inside the if block will be executed.
  • In if statement, we have only one statement to select. Because of this, it is called a One-way Selection statement.
  • Syntax:
                                if (condition):
                                         Statement 1
                                          .......
                                         Statement  n

Simple If statement
Output
If-else:
  • It is also a conditional statement that is used to select between two sets of statements based on the results of the evaluated condition.
  • If the evaluated condition is true, then the statements inside the if block will be executed. Otherwise, the statements inside the else block will be executed.
  • Since we have two statements to select based on the condition, hence it is called a Two-way Selection statement.
  • Syntax:
                                 if (condition):
                                         Statement 1
                                          .......
                                         Statement  n
                                 else:
                                        Statement 1
                                        ..........
                                        Statement n


If...else statement
Output
Else-if (elif) ladder:
  • A conditional statement is used to select a statement from multiple sets of statements based on multiple test conditions.
  • The different test conditions are provided inside each if statement.
  • If any of the evaluated conditions is true, then statement inside the corresponding if block will be executed and the control comes out of the else-if ladder.
  • If none of the conditions is true, then the statements inside the else block will be executed.
  • Since we have multiple sets of statements to select based on the test condition. Hence it is also called a multi-way selection statement.
  • As soon as a true condition is found, the statement associated with it is executed skipping the rest of the conditions and the statements.
  • Syntax:
                                 if (condition):
                                         Statement 1
                                          .......
                                         Statement  n
                                 elif (condition):
                                        Statement 1
                                        ..........
                                        Statement n
                                 else:
                                        Statement 1
                                        ..........
                                        Statement n


Elif statement
Output
Nested if:
  • An if statement inside another if statement is known as nested if statements.
  • Let's understand with an example.
Nested If
Output

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